A debt claim usually arises from a breach of contract, wherein the debtor fails to pay a creditor under the terms of an Agreement. In Thailand, as a major center of international commerce, debts frequently arise from international commercial transactions that are not satisfactorily completed. Debts may also be consumer debts or debts arising from court judgments.

Debt collection cases filed with Thai courts are normally civil cases filed at Provincial Court level. However, in certain exceptional cases involving fraudulent documents, such as dishonored cheques, a debt may also involve a criminal action.

Enforcement actions may include garnering of a debtors wage and/or the right to seize the debtor's assets and have those assets auctioned off to satisfy the debt claim. Interest and other costs can also be recovered through Thailand court procedures.

Cases involving international companies or a Thai and a non-Thai company may be filed in the Thailand Court or International Trade and Intellectual Property.

A creditor or a debtor may also have the right to file a bankruptcy claim against a debtor based on certain legal. Bankruptcy claims however are restricted to Thailand's Bankruptcy Court.